Which term describes when one plant species suppresses the growth of another?

The term that describes when one plant species suppresses the growth of another is allelopathy. In this process, certain plants release chemicals into the environment that can inhibit the germination, growth, or overall development of nearby plants. This phenomenon is an important ecological interaction that can influence plant community dynamics, as allelopathic plants may outcompete or limit the establishment of other species in their vicinity. This adaptive strategy allows them to secure resources such as light, water, and nutrients, effectively enhancing their own survival and growth in a competitive environment.

In contrast, companion planting refers to the practice of growing different plants in proximity for mutual benefits, such as pest control or improving growth conditions. Plant parasitism involves one plant deriving nutrients from another living plant, often harming it in the process. Mutualism is a type of interaction where different species benefit from each other, such as plants and pollinators working together to facilitate reproduction. These concepts highlight different ecological relationships that are distinct from the allelopathic interaction.